Which of the following occurs when high angle of attack protection is active?

When high angle of attack protection is active, the system's primary goal is to prevent the aircraft from exceeding critical angles of attack that could lead to a stall. In this context, if the speed brakes were extended, the aircraft's performance and handling characteristics could be compromised, potentially increasing the risk of a stall. Therefore, as a safety measure, the speed brakes will automatically retract to maintain aircraft stability and control within safe parameters. This ensures that the aircraft can safely return to a more aerodynamic configuration and reduce the angle of attack.

The other scenarios listed are less relevant during high angle of attack protection. For instance, the load factor control by the sidestick or autopilot engagement does not directly relate to the management of angle of attack. Additionally, the autothrust (A/THR) system's disconnection is not a standard response when high angle of attack protections are triggered, since the focus is on maintaining control and thrust management rather than disengaging critical systems.